8 Psychology Basics You Need to Know

Psychology can be fun and fascinating, but it can also be a little bit daunting if you have no background in the subject. If you want to start studying this social science, it can be helpful to start with the basics. It's not required (or even offered) in many high schools, so your college Intro to Psych class might be your first experience learning about psychology.

Psychology encompasses the scientific study of the human mind and behavior as well as the application of these principles to help prevent, treat, and diagnose mental health conditions. Psychologists explore both typical and atypical behavior to understand the human experience fully.

Psychologists also play a vital role in health care by caring for individuals experiencing mental health issues, performing psychotherapy, investigating treatment options, and teaching patients how to manage their symptoms effectively.

Psychology Is the Study of the Mind and Behavior

Psychology can be defined as the study of mental processes and behavior. The term comes from the Greek words psyche, meaning "breath, spirit, soul," and logia, meaning "study of."

Psychology has not always existed as it has today. In fact, it is considered a relatively young discipline, although, as the eminent psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus explained, it has a short past but a long history.

Psychology has quickly grown to play a tremendous role in the world today. Psychologists are employed in hospitals, mental health clinics, schools, colleges and universities, government agencies, private businesses, and private practices.

They perform a wide variety of tasks and roles ranging from treating mental illness to performing research to influencing public health policy.

Psychology Relies on Scientific Methods

One of the most common myths about psychology is that it is just "common sense." The problem with this is that psychological research has helped demonstrate that many of the things that we believe are just common sense are actually not true at all.

For instance, it's become "common sense" that smoking cigarettes is dangerous. However, people continue to smoke anyway. Psychology helps us go deeper than common sense and understand why human behavior occurs, as well as how to change it.

Psychology relies on scientific methods to investigate questions and arrive at conclusions. Using empirical methods, researchers are able to discover relationships between different variables.

Psychologists use a range of techniques to study the human mind and behavior, including naturalistic observation, experiments, case studies, and questionnaires.

Psychologists Take Multiple Perspectives

Topics and questions in psychology can be looked at in a number of different ways. Each perspective helps contribute a new level of understanding to a topic. Some of the major perspectives in psychology include:

• Biological perspective
• Cognitive perspective
• Behavioral perspective
• Evolutionary perspective
• Humanistic perspective

Imagine, for example, that psychologists are trying to understand the different factors that contribute to bullying.

One researcher might take a biological perspective and look at the role of genetics and the brain. Another might take a behavioral perspective and look at how bullying behaviors are reinforced by the environment. Another might take a social perspective and analyze the impact of group pressure.

Then, they can come up with multi-faceted solutions to combat problematic actions and encourage better outcomes and healthier behaviors. Looking at the problem from different perspectives allows psychologists to come up with better solutions.

Psychology Has Subfields

In addition to many different perspectives, there are many branches of psychology. Psychologists often opt to specialize in a particular area. Some of the biggest subfields within psychology include the following areas:

• Clinical psychology: Clinical psychologists provide mental and behavioral health care and often provide consultation to communities, as well as training and education. If you are experiencing emotional or psychological symptoms, you might need a clinical or counseling psychologist.
• Cognitive psychology: This subfield focuses on mental processes such as attention, thinking, language, and memory.
• Developmental psychology: Developmental psychologists study human behavior over a lifespan. If you have a question about whether your child is developing normally, then you might want to ask a developmental psychologist.
• Forensic psychology: Sometimes referred to as "legal psychology," forensic psychology is a branch that focuses on psychological assessment of people who are involved in the legal system. Forensic psychologists must have strong clinical skills.
• Industrial-organizational psychology: This branch of psychology addresses the workplace as well as human performance and motivation.
  
• Personality psychology: This subfield of psychology addresses personality and its development, traits, variations, and maladaptive forms (such as personality disorders).
• Social psychology: Social psychologists focus on human behavior in a group setting. They study group behaviors such as prejudice, bias, bullying, criminal behavior, and substance use.
  

Psychology Is More Than Mental Health

When you think of psychology, do you envision a therapist jotting down notes as a client recounts childhood experiences?

In fact, many psychologists don't work in the field of mental health at all. Psychology encompasses other areas including teaching, research, and consulting.

Mental health is certainly a major area of interest in psychology, but psychologists also do things such as help athletes hone their motivation and mental focus, help design products that are safe and useful, and help businesses understand how to influence consumers.

Psychology Is All Around You

Psychology is not just an academic subject that exists only in classrooms, research labs, and mental health offices. The principles of psychology can be seen all around you in everyday situations.

The television commercials and print ads you see every day rely on psychology to develop marketing messages that influence and persuade people to purchase the advertised products. The websites you visit on a regular basis utilize psychology to understand how people read, use, and interpret online information.

Knowing more about some of the things that motivate behavior can be useful if you are trying to stick to a weight loss plan or exercise regimen. Overcoming phobias, managing stress, improving communication skills, and making better decisions are just a few of the things with which psychology can help.

Psychology Has Many Career Paths

For some people, an interest in psychology is fueled by a desire to pursue a career in the field. Others may want to learn more out of curiosity or because they are thinking about consulting a psychologist for help with a health concern.

Understanding Career Paths Can Help You Choose the Right Professional

For example, if your child is experiencing problems at school, you might seek advice from a school psychologist specializing in helping kids deal with academic, social, emotional, and other issues.

Suppose you are concerned about an elderly parent or grandparent. In that case, you might want to consult with a developmental psychologist who is specially trained and knowledgeable in issues related to the aging process.

It Can Also Help You Choose Your Own Career

Understanding the different training and licensing requirements for different specialty areas can help you determine which professional is right for your needs. If you are trying to select a psychotherapist, it may also be helpful to learn more about which professionals can provide therapy services.

If you are thinking about majoring in psychology, there are many career paths to choose from. These depend largely on your educational level and work experience, so it is important to research the training and licensing requirements of your chosen specialty area.

Psychologists Make Human Lives Better

Among the major goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict, and improve human behavior. Some psychologists accomplish this by contributing to our basic understanding of how people think, feel, and behave. Others work in applied settings to solve real-world problems that have an impact on everyday life.

And finally, many psychologists devote their lives to helping people who are struggling with psychological issues.

You may find these professionals working in hospitals, mental health clinics, private practices, and other settings to diagnose psychological disorders and provide psychotherapy to people from all walks of life.

Takeaways

Psychology is a rich and fascinating subject that has practical applications in many areas of life. If you have ever wanted to learn more about why people think and act the way they do, then studying psychology is a great way to gain greater insight into the human experience.

Psychology has a powerful impact on the world today. Our daily lives are deeply impacted by the interaction of biology, relationships, and mental processes. Psychologists are skilled at understanding the role these factors play in influencing health, happiness, and overall well-being.